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Bulletin references October 2020

A full list of references for the October Bulletin is available here.

You can download a copy of the October 2020 Bulletin from our Bulletin pages.

An update on organ donation and transplantation – not just about SARS-CoV-2

  1. Ravanan, R, Callaghan, CJ, Mumford, L, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection and early mortality of wait-listed and solid organ transplant recipients in England: A national cohort study. Am J Transplant. 2020; 00: 1– 11. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16247

Histopathology and organ donation

  1. Neil DA, Roberts IS, Bellamy CO, Wigmore SJ, Neuberger JM. Improved access to histopathology using a digital system could increase the organ donor pool and improve allocation. Transpl Int 2014;27:759−764.
  2. Desai R, Collett D, Watson CJ, Johnson P, Evans T, Neuberger J. Cancer transmission from organ donors-unavoidable but low risk. Transplantation 2012;94:1200−1207.
  3. Nalesnik MA, Woodle ES, Dimaio JM, Vasudev B, Teperman LW, Covington S et al. Donor-transmitted malignancies in organ transplantation: assessment of clinical risk. Am J Transplant 2011;11:1140−1147.
  4. Eccher A, Girolami I, Marletta S, Brunelli M, Carraro A, Montin U et al. Donor-Transmitted Cancers in Transplanted Livers: Analysis of Clinical Outcomes. Liver Transpl 2020;doi:10.1002/lt.25858 (Epub ahead of print).
  5. Eccher A, Girolami I, Motter JD, Marletta S, Gambaro G, Momo REN et al. Donor-transmitted cancer in kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review. J Nephrol 2020;doi:10.1007/s40620-020-00775-4 (Epub ahead of print).
  6. Brunt EM. Surgical assessment of significant steatosis in donor livers: the beginning of the end for frozen-section analysis? Liver Transpl 2013;19:360−361.
  7. de Graaf EL, Kench J, Dilworth P, Shackel NA, Strasser SI, Joseph D et al. Grade of deceased donor liver macrovesicular steatosis impacts graft and recipient outcomes more than the Donor Risk Index. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;27:540−546.
  8. Linares I, Hamar M, Selzner N, Selzner M. Steatosis in Liver Transplantation: Current Limitations and Future Strategies. Transplantation 2019;103:78−90.
  9. Ploeg RJ, D'Alessandro AM, Knechtle SJ, Stegall MD, Pirsch JD, Hoffmann RM et al. Risk factors for primary dysfunction after liver transplantation--a multivariate analysis. Transplantation 1993;55:807−813.
  10. Imber CJ, St Peter SD, Lopez I, Guiver L, Friend PJ. Current practice regarding the use of fatty livers: a trans-Atlantic survey. Liver Transpl 2002;8:545−549.
  11. Gaba RC, Knuttinen MG, Brodsky TR, Palestrant S, Omene BO, Owens CA et al. Hepatic steatosis: correlations of body mass index, CT fat measurements, and liver density with biopsy results. Diagn Interv Radiol 2012;18:282−287.
  12. Tracy RE, Strong JP, Newman W, 3rd, Malcom GT, Oalmann MC, Guzman MA. Renovasculopathies of nephrosclerosis in relation to atherosclerosis at ages 25 to 54 years. Kidney Int 1996;49:564−570.
  13. Tracy RE, Bhandaru SY, Oalmann MC, Guzman MA, Newmann WP 3rd. Blood pressure and nephrosclerosis in black and white men and women aged 25 to 54. Mod Pathol 1991;4:602−609.
  14. Tracy RE, Mercante DE, Moncada A, Berenson G. Quantitation of hypertensive nephrosclerosis on an objective rational scale of measure in adults and children. Am J Clin Pathol 1986;85:312−318.
  15. Randhawa PS, Minervini MI, Lombardero M, Duquesnoy R, Fung J, Shapiro R et al. Biopsy of marginal donor kidneys: correlation of histologic findings with graft dysfunction. Transplantation 2000;69:1352−1357.
  16. Escofet X, Osman H, Griffiths DF, Woydag S, Adam Jurewicz W. The presence of glomerular sclerosis at time zero has a significant impact on function after cadaveric renal transplantation. Transplantation 2003;75:344−346.
  17. Mallon DH, Riddiough GE, Summers DM, Butler AJ, Callaghan CJ, Bradbury LL et al. Successful transplantation of kidneys from elderly circulatory death donors by using microscopic and macroscopic characteristics to guide single or dual implantation. Am J Transplant 2015;15:2931−2939.
  18. Kosmoliaptsis V, Salji M, Bardsley V, Chen Y, Thiru S, Griffiths MH et al. Baseline donor chronic renal injury confers the same transplant survival disadvantage for DCD and DBD kidneys. Am J Transplant 2015;15:754−763.
  19. Remuzzi G, Cravedi P, Perna A, Dimitrov BD, Turturro M, Locatelli G et al. Long-term outcome of renal transplantation from older donors. N Engl J Med 2006;354:343−352.
  20. Ayorinde JO, Summers DM, Pankhurst L, Laing E, Deary AJ, Hemming K et al. PreImplantation Trial of Histopathology In renal Allografts (PITHIA): a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial protocol. BMJ Open 2019;9:e026166.

Organ transplantation and transmissible infectious diseases: old and new challenges

 

  1. Fishman JA. Infection in Organ Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2017;17:856−879.
  2. Directive 2010/45/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 July 2010 on standards of quality and safety of human organs intended for transplantation. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32010L0053
  3. Human Tissue Authority. The Quality and Safety of Organs Intended for Transplantation: A documentary framework. Published May 2020 (update). Available at: www.hta.gov.uk/organ-donation-and-transplantation-sector-guidance
  4. Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs. Microbiological Safety Guidelines. Published March 2020 (updated). Available at: www.gov.uk/government/publications/guidance-on-the-microbiological-safety-of-human-organs-tissues-and-cells-used-in-transplantation
  5. Joint United Kingdom (UK) Blood Transfusion and Tissue Transplantation Services Professional Advisory Committee (JPAC). Donor Selection Guidelines, Geographical Disease Risk Index. Guidelines for the Blood Transfusion Services in the United Kingdom (Red Book) 8th edition. Published 2013. Available at: www.transfusionguidelines.org/red-book
  6. Department of Health and Social Care. Guidelines from the expert advisory committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs (SaBTO) on measures to protect patients from acquiring hepatitis E virus via transfusion or transplantation. Published September 2017. Available at: www.gov.uk/government/publications/protecting-patients-from-getting-hepatitis-e-through-transfusion-or-transplantation
  7. UK Position Statement on the use of Organs from Hepatitis C Viraemic Donors and Increased Infectious Risk Donors in Hepatitis C Negative Recipients. 2019.
  8. NHS Blood and Transplant. COVID-19: Clinical advice. Available at: www.odt.nhs.uk/covid-19-advice-for-clinicians/
  9. NHS Blood and Transplant. Incident reporting. Available at: www.odt.nhs.uk/odt-structures-and-standards/governance-and-quality/tell-us-about-an-incident/

Horizon scanning in H&I to support transplantation

  1. David Ellinghaus, et al., for The Severe Covid-19 GWAS Group. Genomewide Association Study of Severe Covid-19 with Respiratory Failure. New England Journal of Medicine. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2020283
  2. Poulton K, Wright P, Hughes P, et al. A role for human leucocyte antigens in the susceptibility to SARS-Cov-2 infection observed in transplant patients. Int J Immunogenet. 2020;00:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/iji.12505
  3. Petersdorf, E.W., et al, (2015), High HLA-DP Expression and Graft-versus-host Disease, NEJM 373 (7), pp 599-609

Organ Donation – Introducing Max and Keira’s Law

  1. NHS Blood and Transplant. Statistics and Reports. www.odt.nhs.uk
  2. NHS Blood and Transplant. Organ Donation and Transplantation Annual Activity Report 2019/20. July 2020

The UK Living Kidney Sharing Scheme: what difference does it make?

  1. NHS Blood and Transplant. Organ donation and transplantation: Annual Activity Report 2019/20. Available at: https://nhsbtdbe.blob.core.windows.net/umbraco-assets-corp/19481/activity-report-2019-2020.pdf
  2. Biró Péter, Haase-Kromwijk B, Andersson T, Ásgeirsson EI, Baltesová T, Boletis I et al.; on behalf of ENCKEP COST Action. Building Kidney Exchange Programmes in Europe − An Overview of Exchange Practice and Activities. Transplantation 2018;103:1514−1522.
  3. Human Tissue Act 2004. Available at: www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/30/contents  
  4. Human Tissue (Scotland) Act 2006. www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2006/4/pdfs/asp_20060004_en.pdf
  5. NHS Blood and Transplant. Incompatible pairs living donor kidney application. www.odt.nhs.uk/living-donation/tools-and-resources/

Organ donation without compromising death investigation

  1. HH Judge Mark Lucraft QC. Chief Coroner Guidance No. 26 – Organ Donation. 1 December 2017.
  2. The Scottish Government. Agreement between Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service and The Scottish Donation and Transplant Group In regard to Organ and Tissue Donation. December 2017.
  3. NHS Blood and Transplant. Organ Donation and Transplantation. Activity Report 2018/19.
  4. Coroners and Justice Act 2009 Section 1 (2).
  5. NHS Blood and Transplant. Organ Donation and Transplantation. Activity Report 2018/19.
  6. NHS Blood and Transplant. Organ Donation and Transplantation. Activity Reports from 2019/20, 2018/19, 2017/18, 2016/17, and 2015/16.
  7. Coroners and Justice Act 2009 Section 5 (1).
  8. HH Judge Mark Lucraft QC. Chief Coroner Guidance No. 26 – Organ Donation. 1 December 2017.
  9. The Scottish Government. Agreement between Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service and The Scottish Donation and Transplant Group In regard to Organ and Tissue Donation. December 2017.
  10. Wolf DA, Derrick SM. Undetermined cause and manner of death after organ/ tissue donation. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 2010; 31:113–116.
  11. Pinckard JK, Wetli CV, Graham. National association of medical examiners position paper on the medical examiner release of organs and tissues for transplantation. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol 2007;28:202–207.
  12. Arslan MN, Esen Melez I, Melez DO, Cavlak M, Gur A. Limitations of cadaveric organ donation on judicial cases and problems confronted in autopsy: Istanbul data in comparative perspective. Forensic Sci Int 2014;237:131–136.
  13. Wolf DA, Derrick SM. Undetermined cause and manner of death after organ/ tissue donation. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 2010; 31:113–116.
  14. Wolf DA, Derrick SM. Undetermined cause and manner of death after organ/ tissue donation. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. 2010; 31:113–116.
  15. Shafer T, Schkade LL, Warner HE, Eakin M, O'Connor K, Springer J, Jankiewicz T, Reitsma W, Steele J, Keen-Denton K. Impact of Medical Examiner/Coroner Practices on Organ Recovery in the United States. JAMA. 1994;272:1607-1613. 
  16. Twamley H, Haigh A, Williment C, Hudson C, Whitney J, Neuberger J. Prospective audit to evaluate the potential of the coronial system to increase solid organ donation. BMJ Open 2016;6:e010231.
  17. Gaum L, Reynolds I, Jones MNA, Clarkson AJ, Gillan HL, Kaye SB. Tissue and corneal donation and transplantation in the UK. Br J Anaesth 2012;108(S1): i43–i47.
  18. Pinckard JK, Graham MA. Heart valve tissue donation does not preclude the diagnosis of clinically significant pediatric cardiac abnormalities. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2003;24:248 –253.
  19. Gallagher PJ, Chandrasekar A, Forsythe J, Murphy PG, Urankar K, Ushiro-Lumb I. Royal College of Pathologists. Guidelines on autopsy practice: Autopsies after tissue and organ donation. G176. 2019.
  20. HH Judge Mark Lucraft QC. Chief Coroner Guidance No. 26 – Organ Donation. 1 December 2017.

Could pathologists soon be replaced by robots?

  1. Tilley J. Automation, robotics, and the factory of the future [Internet]. McKinsey & Company. 2017 [cited 2020 Jun 9]. Available from: https://www.mckinsey.com/business- functions/operations/our-insights/automation-robotics-and-the-factory-of-the-future
  2. White S, Lacey A, Ardanaz-Badia A. The probability of automation in England - Office for National Statistics. Off Natl Stat [Internet]. 2019;1–16. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandempl oyeetypes/articles/theprobabilityofautomationinengland/2011and2017
  3. Misbah SA, Kokkinou V, Jeffery K, Oosterhuis W, Shine B, Schuh A, et al. The role of the physician in laboratory medicine: A European perspective. J Clin Pathol. 2013;66(5):432–7.
  4. Van Den Tweel JG, Taylor CR. A brief history of pathology. Virchows Arch. 2010;457(1):3–10.
  5. Baidoshvili A, Bucur A, van Leeuwen J, van der Laak J, Kluin P, van Diest PJ. Evaluating the benefits of digital pathology implementation: time savings in laboratory logistics. Histopathology. 2018;73(5):784–94.
  6. Enayati N, De Momi E, Ferrigno G. Haptics in robot-assisted surgery: Challenges and benefits. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng. 2016;9:49–65.
  7. Hashimoto DA, Rosman G, Rus D, Meireles OR. Artificial Intelligence in Surgery: Promises and Perils. Ann Surg. 2018;268(1):70–6.
  8. McCarthy J. What is Artificial Intellignence? [Internet]. Stanford University. 2007 [cited 2020 Jun 2]. Available from: http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/whatisai.html
  9. Segal M. A more human approach to artificial intelligence. Nature. 2019;571(7766):S18.
  10. Komura D, Ishikawa S. Machine learning approaches for pathologic diagnosis. Virchows Arch. 2019;475(2):131–8.
  11. Yamamoto Y, Tsuzuki T, Akatsuka J, Ueki M, Morikawa H, Numata Y, et al. Automated acquisition of explainable knowledge from unannotated histopathology images. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):5642.
  12. Orth M, Averina M, Chatzipanagiotou S, Faure G, Haushofer A, Kusec V, et al. Opinion: redefining the role of the physician in laboratory medicine in the context of emerging technologies, personalised medicine and patient autonomy ('4P medicine’). J Clin Pathol. 2019;72(3):191–7.
  13. Diamandis EP. Theranos phenomenon: Promises and fallacies. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2015;53(7):989–93.
  14. Zientek DM. Medical error, malpractice and complications: A moral geography. HEC Forum. 2010;22(2):145–57.
  15. Egnew H. RoboDoc : Ethics of Medical Technology. WWU Honor Progr Sr Proj [Internet]. 2019;135. Available from: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwu_honors/135
  16. Leggett T. Who is to blame for “self-driving car” deaths? BBC News. 2018.
  17. Yala A, Lehman C, Schuster T, Portnoi T, Barzilay R. A deep learning mammography-based model for improved breast cancer risk prediction. Radiology. 2019;292(1):60–6.
  18. Reardon S. Rise of Robot Radiologists. Nature. 2019;576(7787):S54–8.

Pathology and the Tudor royal family

  1. Brewer C. The Death of Kings; A medical history of the Kings and Queens of England. London, UK: Abson Books, 2007.

The NHS England and NHS Improvement Healthcare Science Partnership Board

  1. Interim NHS People Plan. Available at: https://improvement.nhs.uk/resources/interim-nhs-people-plan/
  2. The NHS People Plan. https://www.england.nhs.uk/ournhspeople/

Patient access to lab results: risks, benefits and technical challenges 

  1. NHS England; Update to GP Contract 2020/21 – 2023/24. Feb 2020.
  2. https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-collections-and-data-sets/data-collections/pomi
  3. Tennant B, Stellefson M, Dodd V, et al. eHealth literacy and Web 2.0 health information seeking behaviors among baby boomers and older adults. J Med Internet Res. 2015;17(3):e70. Published 2015 Mar 17. doi:10.2196/jmir.3992
  4. Leyland R, Freedman DB. A survey of Lab Tests Online-UK users: a key resource for patients to empower and help them understand their laboratory test results. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 2016;53(6):669-679. doi:10.1177/0004563216631774
  5. Woywodt A, Vythelingum K, Rayner S, Anderton J, Ahmed A. Single-centre experience with Renal PatientView, a web-based system that provides patients with access to their laboratory results. J Nephrol. 2014;27(5):521-527. doi:10.1007/s40620-014-0060-5
  6. Wilkie P& Williamson C “Patients and Pathologists : the need for dialogue, pps 25-27 No114 April 2001.

Dermatopathology: a subspecialty with unique opportunities and challenges

  1. Holubar K, Schmidt C. Dermato-pathologia 1792 and Henry Seguin Jackson (1750–1816): a bicentennial. J R Soc Med 1994;87:464–465. 
  2. Marsch A, High WA. Medicolegal issues with regard to melanoma and pigmented lesions in dermatopathology. Dermatol Clin 2012;30:593–615.
  3. van Dijk MC, Aben KK, van Hees F, Klaasen A, Blokx WA, Kiemeney LA et al. Expert review remains important in the histopathological diagnosis of cutaneous melanocytic lesions. Histopathology 2008;52:139–146.
  4. Ackerman AB. Training residents in dermatopathology: why, when, where, and how. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;22:1104–1106. 
  5. The Royal College of Pathologists. Histopathology and cytopathology of limited or no clinical value. Published 2019. Available at: https://www.rcpath.org/profession/guidelines/specialty-specific-publications.html
  6. Institute of Biomedical Science. Guidance to candidates and trainers for advanced specialist diploma (ASD) in histopathology reporting dermatopathology. Available at: https://www.ibms.org/resources/documents/diploma-in-histopathology-reporting-guidance-document/
  7. McCalmont TH. Destiny and a voice in the chorus. J Cutan Pathol 2013;40:5.

Ex Incertis Veritas ‘Doubt Leads to Truth’: the establishment of the Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine

  1. Home Office Circular. Healthcare professionals in custody suites – guidance to supplement revisions to the codes of practice under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. Published February 2003. Available at: http://library.college.police.uk/docs/hocirc/ho-circ-2003-020.htm
  2. Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine. The role of the Healthcare Professional: GFM and SOM. Published 2019. Available at: https://fflm.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Role-of-the-HCP-S-Fewkes-J-Smith-Dr-M-Stark-Jan-2019.pdf
  3. Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine. Recommendations for Introductory Training Courses in General Forensic Medicine (GFM). Available at: https://fflm.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Recommendations-for-Introductory-Training-Courses-in-General-Forensic-Medicine-Dr-M-Stark-Jan-2018.pdf
  4. Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine. Recommendations for Introductory Training Courses in Sexual Offence Medicine (SOM). Available at: https://fflm.ac.uk/publications/recommendations-for-introductory-training-courses-in-sexual-offence-medicine-som/
  5. House of Commons. House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 18 Mar 2009. Available at: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmhansrd/cm090318/text/90318w0006.htm
  6. Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine. Quality Standards in Forensic Medicine (GFM and SOM). Published 2019. Available at: https://fflm.ac.uk/publications/fflm-quality-standards-in-forensic-medicine/
  7. Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine. Quality standards for Nurses and Paramedics – General Forensic Medicine (GFM). Published 2019. Available at: https://fflm.ac.uk/publications/fflm-quality-standards-for-nurses-and-paramedics-general-forensic-medicine-gfm
  8. Adapted from: FFLM. A New Care Model in Forensic & Legal Medicine – the next decade. Published November 2019.

The establishment of the Home Office Pathologist

  1. Br Med J 1903;2:417.
  2. Coroners’ post mortems and the National Hospital Service Dyke SC ACP News 7-9 2012.
  3. Personal communication Dean Jones, Home Office.
  4. Personal communication Dean Jones, Home Office.