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Bulletin references July 2022

A full list of references for the July Bulletin is available here.

You can download a copy of the July 2022 Bulletin from our Bulletin pages.

Cellular pathology   

  1. Department of Health. A Report by the Expert Advisory Group on Cancer to the Chief Medical Officers of England and Wales. A Policy Framework for Commissioning Cancer Services – The Calman–Hine Report. London: Department of Health, 1995.  

Cytopathology – the dark art that came into the light  

  1. Underwood JCE. A short history of the Royal College of Pathologists. Understanding Disease: A Centenary Celebration of the Pathological Society. 2006. Available at: https://www.pathsoc.org/_userfiles/pages/files/about/c11.pdf. 
  2. Landy R, Pesola F, Castañón A et al. Impact of cervical screening on cervical cancer mortality: estimation using stage-specific results from a nested case–control study. Br J Cancer 2016;115:1140–1146. 
  3. Royal College of Pathologists. Guidance on the Reporting of Thyroid Cytology Specimens. 2016. Available at: https://www.rcpath.org/uploads/assets/7d693ce4-0091-4621-97f79e2a0d1034d6/g089_guidance_on_reporting_of_thyroid_cytology_specimens.pdf. 
  4. Royal College of Pathologists. Tissue Pathways for Diagnostic Cytopathology. 2019. Available at: https://www.rcpath.org/uploads/assets/b328ab3d-f574-40f1-8717c32ccfc4f7d8/G086-Tissue-pathways-for-diagnostic-cytopathology.pdf. 
  5. Royal College of Pathologists. Diagnostic Cytopathology in the UK. 2020. Available at: https://www.rcpath.org/profession/workforce-planning/our-workforce-research/diagnostic-cytopathology-in-the-uk-2020.html. 
  6. Hou X, Shen G, Zhou L, Li Y, Wang T, Ma X et al. Artificial intelligence in cervical cancer screening and diagnosis. Front Oncol 2022;12:851367. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.851367. 

The Biomedical Scientist Empowerment, Education and Discussion Group: Improving access to education for laboratory professionals in blood transfusion 

  1. Serious Hazards of Transfusion. SHOT 2019 Report. Available at: https://www.shotuk.org/wp-content/uploads/myimages/SHOT-REPORT-2019-Final-Bookmarked-v2.pdf" https://www.shotuk.org/wp-content/uploads/myimages/SHOT-REPORT-2019-Final-Bookmarked-v2.pdf 
  2. National Blood Transfusion Committee and NHS Blood and Transplant. Transfusion 2024 – A Five-year Plan for Clinical and Laboratory Transfusion. Available at: https://www.transfusionguidelines.org/document-library/documents/transfusion-2024-brochure/download-file/Transfusion%202024%20Brochure%20FINAL%20%2811.12.2020%29.pdf" https://www.transfusionguidelines.org/document-library/documents/transfusion-2024-brochure/download-file/Transfusion%202024%20Brochure%20FINAL%20%2811.12.2020%29.pdf 
  3. NHS. The NHS Long Term Plan. Available at: https://www.longtermplan.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/nhs-long-term-plan-version-1.2.pdf" https://www.longtermplan.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/nhs-long-term-plan-version-1.2.pdf 
  4. NHS. NHS Patient Safety Strategy. Available at: https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/190708_Patient_Safety_Strategy_for_website_v4.pdf" https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/190708_Patient_Safety_Strategy_for_website_v4.pdf 

Sickle cell disease – overview of new therapies and RCPath partnership with the Africa Research and Innovation Initiative for Sickle Education 

  1. Modell B. Global epidemiology of haemoglobin disorders and derived service indicators. Bull World Health Organ 2008;2008:480–487.  
  2. Weatherall DJ. The challenge of haemoglobinopathies in resource-poor countries. Br J Haematol 2011;154:736–744.  
  3. Streetly A, Clarke M, Downing M, Farrar L, Foo Y, Hall K et al. Implementation of the newborn screening programme for sickle cell disease in England: Results for 2003-2005. J Med Screen 2008;15:9–13.  
  4. Dormandy E, James J, Inusa B, Rees D. How many people have sickle cell disease in the UK? J Public Health 2018;40: e291-e295. 
  5. Inusa BPD, Colombatti R. European migration crises: The role of national hemoglobinopathy registries in improving patient access to care. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017;64:28371007.  
  6. Lobitz S, Telfer P, Cela E, Allaf B, Angastiniotis M, Backman Johansson C et al. Newborn screening for sickle cell disease in Europe: recommendations from a Pan-European Consensus Conference. Br J Haematol 2018;183:648–660.  
  7. Hebbel RP. Ischemia-reperfusion injury in sickle cell anemia: Relationship to acute chest syndrome, endothelial dysfunction, arterial vasculopathy, and inflammatory pain. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2014;28:181–198.  
  8. Ades AE, Brown J, Dezateux C, Anionwu EN, Mann JR, Streetly A et al. Population based surveillance in sickle cell disease: Methods, findings and implications from the California registry and surveillance system in hemoglobinopathies project (RuSH). Health Technol Assess 1999;3:937.  
  9. Streetly A, Latinovic R, Hall K, Henthorn J. Implementation of universal newborn bloodspot screening for sickle cell disease and other clinically significant haemoglobinopathies in England: screening results for 2005-7. J Clin Pathol 2009;62:26–30.  
  10. Nath KA, Hebbel RP. Sickle cell disease: renal manifestations and mechanisms. Nat Rev Nephrol 2015;11:161–171.  
  11. Inusa B, Hsu L, Kohli N, Patel A, Ominu-Evbota K, Anie K et al. Sickle Cell Disease—Genetics, Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation and Treatment. Int J Neonatal Screen 2019;5:20.  
  12. Streetly A, Sisodia R, Dick M, Latinovic R, Hounsell K, Dormandy E. Evaluation of newborn sickle cell screening programme in England: 2010-2016. Arch Dis Child 2018;103:648–653.  
  13. Department of Health. NHS Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia Screening Programme. 2012.  
  14. Zeuner D, Ades AE, Karnon J, Brown J, Dezateux C, Anionwu EN. Antenatal and neonatal haemoglobinopathy screening in the UK: Review and economic analysis. Health Technol Assess 1999;3:1–186.  
  15. Gardner V. Sickle Cell Disease: Advances in Treatment. Ochsner J 2018;18:377–389.  
  16. Steinberg MH, Barton F, Castro O, Pegelow CH, Ballas SK, Kutlar A et al. Effect of hydroxyurea on mortality and morbidity in adult sickle cell anemia: risks and benefits up to 9 years of treatment. Jama 2003;289:1645–1651.  
  17. Anders DG, Tang F, Ledneva T, Caggana M, Green NS, Wang Y et al. Hydroxyurea use in young children with sickle cell anemia in New York state. Am J Prev Med 2016;51:S31–38.  
  18. Niihara Y, Matsui NM, Shen YM, Akiyama DA, Johnson CS, Sunga MA et al. L-glutamine therapy reduces endothelial adhesion of sickle red blood cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 2005;21:1–7.  
  19. Minniti CP. L-glutamine and the dawn of combination therapy for sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med 2018;379:292–294.  
  20. Ataga KI, Kutlar A, Kanter J, Liles D, Cancado R, Friedrisch J et al. Crizanlizumab for the prevention of pain crises in sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med 2017;376:429–439.  
  21. Ali MA, Ahmad A, Chaudry H, Aiman W, Aamir S, Anwar MY et al. Efficacy and safety of recently approved drugs for sickle cell disease: a review of clinical trials. Exp Hematol 2020;92:11–18.  
  22. Bernaudin F. Why, who, when, and how? Rationale for considering allogeneic stem cell transplantation in children with sickle cell disease. J Clin Med 2019;8:1523.  
  23. Kanter J, Falcon C. Gene therapy for sickle cell disease: where we are now? Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2021;2021:174–180.  
  24. Archer NM, Inusa B, Makani J, Nkya S, Tshilolo L, Tubman VN et al. Enablers and barriers to newborn screening for sickle cell disease in Africa: Results from a qualitative study involving programmes in six countries. BMJ Open 2022;12:e057623.  
  25. Garg H, Tatiossian KJ, Peppel K, Kato GJ, Herzog E. Gene therapy as the new frontier for sickle cell disease. Curr Med Chem. 2021;29:453–466.  

Community roll-out of the Medical Examiners’ Service: electronic referral service 

  1. NHS England. System Letter: Extending Medical Examiner Scrutiny to Non-Acute Settings. Available at: https://www.england.nhs.uk/publication/system-letter-extending-medical-examiner-scrutiny-to-non-acute-settings 
  2. UK Government. Register the death. What To Do When Someone Dies: Step By Step. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/after-a-death" https://www.gov.uk/after-a-death 
  3. NHS. Information Governance Framework: Shared Care Records. Available at: https://www.nhsx.nhs.uk/information-governance/guidance/summary-of-information-governance-framework-shared-care-records 
  4. NHS Digital. NHS e-Referral Service. Available at: https://digital.nhs.uk/services/e-referral-service" https://digital.nhs.uk/services/e-referral-service 

The impact of COVID-19 on antifungal stewardship in a UK tertiary teaching hospital 

  1. EMC. Noxafil 100 mg Gastro-resistant Tablets. Available at: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5388/#gref  
  2. Cambridge University Hospitals. CUH Trust Guideline H/P003: Infection Prophylaxis – Adult Haematology and Paediatric Haematology and Oncology. 2020. 
  3. Cambridge University Hospitals. CUH Trust Guideline: CF Diagnosis and Treatment of ABPA in Children with Cystic Fibrosis. 2021. 
  4. Cambridge University Hospitals. CUH Trust Guidelines Antifungals: Fungal Infections. 2018. 
  5. Ashbee HR, Barnes RA, Johnson EM, Richardson MD, Gorton R, Hope WW. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antifungal agents: guidelines from the British Society for Medical Mycology. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014;69:1162–1176. doi:10.1093/JAC/DKT508 
  6. North Bristol NHS Trust. Antimicrobial Reference Laboratory Guideline ranges for TDM, NHS Severn Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust 2021 – 2022. 2021. 
  7. Donnelly JP, Chen SC, Kauffman CA, Steinbach WJ, Baddley JW, Verweij PE et al. Revision and update of the consensus definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. Clin Infect Dis 2020;71:1367–1376. doi:10.1093/CID/CIZ1008 

Mythbusting: the role of clinical scientists and SAS doctors 

  1. Royal College of Pathologists. Become a consultant clinical scientist. Available at: www.rcpath.org/discover-pathology/careers-in-pathology/become-a-consultant-clinical-scientist.html 
  2. National School of Healthcare Science. NHS Health Education England. Consultant clinical scientist. Available at: https://nshcs.hee.nhs.uk/healthcare-science/careers-in-healthcare-science/roles/consultant-clinical-scientist/ 
  3. BMJ Careers. The Complete Guide To Becoming A Clinical Scientist. Published 5 October 2021. Available at: www.bmj.com/careers/article/the-complete-guide-to-becoming-a-clinical-scientist 
  4. NHS. FAQs about careers in healthcare science. Available at: www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/healthcare-science/faqs-healthcare-science/faqs-about-careers-healthcare-science 

SAS doctors article 

  1. Royal College of Pathologists. SAS doctors. Available at: www.rcpath.org/profession/sas-doctors.html 
  2. Royal College of Pathologists. Employing specialty doctors. Available at: www.rcpath.org/profession/employing-pathologists/employing-specialty-doctors.html 
  3. British Medical Association. Who are SAS doctors? Available at: https://questionnaires.bma.org.uk/news/whoaresasdoctors/index.html 
  4. Academy of Medical Royal Colleges. SAS doctor development. Summary of resources and further work. Published September 2020. Available at: www.aomrc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/SAS_doctor_development_guide_1020.pdf 
  5. Academy of Medical Royal Colleges. Guidance for taking responsibility: Accountable Clinicians and Informed Patients. Available at: www.aomrc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Taking_Responsibility_Accountable_Clinicians 
  6. British Medical Association. Autonomy of SAS grade. Available at: www.bma.org.uk/pay-and-contracts/contracts/sas-doctor-contract/autonomy-for-sas-grade 
  7. British Medical Association. Guidance template for the development of autonomous practice for SAS doctors and dentists. Available at: www.bma.org.uk/media/2949/bma-guide-to-autonomous-practice-sas-aug20.pdf 
  8. Health Education England and NHS Improvement. Maximising the Potential: essential measures to support SAS doctors. Available at: www.hee.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/SAS_Report_Web.pdf 

Health Service Journal Patient Safety Award Winners 2021 

  1. Estcourt LJ, Birchall J, Allard S, Bassey SJ, Hersey P, Kerr JP et al. Guidelines for the use of platelet transfusions. Br J Haematol 2017;176:36–394. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.14423.